This page is devoted to nouns that may present lexical problems; some lexica leave them to the grammar, some don’t. It concerns words that have more than one stem, sometimes with completely different places in the dictionary; usually, only one of the stems is listed. Extremely frequent words, that must be known by heart if one is to be a serious ὰναγνωσόμενος, are underlined. The rarer ones have been given a grey tint. Moreover I have given space on this page to words that might lead one astray.

           The numbers placed after the stems refer to the declension(s) from which they take their endings.

→points to the lexical source. It might repay you to enter the important ones in your lexicon.

ἀνδρ-/ἀνδρα- 3→ ἀνήρ

ἀττα = τινα, (>)Ne pl N+Ac  →τις

ἄττα = τίνα, (>)Ne pl N+Ac  → τίς

ἃττα = ἅτινα(>)Ne pl Ν+Ac → ὅστις

αὑτ- 2-1 “the same”

αὕτ-/αὖτ- 1 (>)F sg/pl N

            → οὗτος

βο- 3 →βοῦς “cow”, “bull”

γαλακτ- 3 →γάλα “milk”

γονατ- 3 →γόνυ “knee”

γυναικ- 3 →γυνή “woman”

δορατ- 3 →δόρυ “spear”

ἓ Ac sg “him”, “her”,  “him/herself”          

ἕε = ἓ

ἓθεν G sg “him” etc.
ἑίο, ἑοι

ἐμὲ Ac “me”

ἐμέθεν G “me”

ἐμε(ι)ο/ ἐμεῦ G “me”

ἐμοὶ D “me”, >M pl N of ἐμὸς

ἐμὸς “my”, “mine”

            N.B. ἐμοὶ, ἐμοῦ

ἐμοῦ G “me”, >M+Ne sg G of ἐμὸς

ἕν   (>)Ne sg N+Ac “one”

ἑν—3 →εἷς “one”(>)M+Ne

ἑωυτ- 2-1 “himself” (Ionic)

 ἢ “or”,  “than”      
ἦ “he spoke” “verily”

ἡ (>)F sg N article

ἣ (>)F sg N rel. pron.

ἡμᾶς, ἡμῖν, ἡμῶν Ac, D, G “us”
ἡμέας, ἡμε(ί)ων Ac, G "us"

ἢν “when”, “if”

ἦν “was”

ἧν (>)F sg Ac rel. pron.[& poss. pron. Ep.]

κυν- 3 →κύων “dog”

μαρτυρ- 3 →μάρτυς  “witness”

με Ac “me”

μέγα (>)Ne sg N+Ac → μέγας  “big”

μεγαλ- 2-1→ μέγας “big”

μέγαν (>)M sg Ac → μέγας “big”

μητερ-/μητρ(α)- 3 → μήτηρ“mother”

μία 1 (>)F → εἷς “one”

μοι D “me”

μου G “me”

ὁ (>)M sg N article

ὃ (>)Ne sg  N+Ac rel. pron.

οἱ (>)M pl N article

            D “(him/her/it)self” 

οἳ (>)M pl N rel. pron.

οἷ “whither” (relative)

             D “(him/her/it)self”

ὂν (>)Ne sg N+Ac “being”

ὃν (>)M sg Ac rel. pron.[/poss. pron. Ep.]

ὀνειρ(ατ)- →ὄναρ“dream”

ὃς a) (>)M sg N rel. pron.

     b) poss. pron. (Epic)

     c) two cases identical with οὗ, οἳ

ὂν (>)Ne sg N+Ac “being”

ὃν (>)M sg Ac rel. pron.[/poss. pron. Ep.]

ὀνειρ(ατ)- →ὄναρ“dream”
ὅου G "him/her"

ὃς a) (>)M sg N rel. pron.

     b) poss. pron. (Epic)

     c) two cases identical with οὗ, οἳ

ὁτέοισι^ν =οἵστισι^ν →ὅστις

ὅτεῳ= ᾥτινι →ὅστις

ὅτεων= ὡντίνων→ὅστις

ὅττεο= οὕτινος→ὅστις

ὅστις

ὅτου= οὕτινος→ὅστις

ὅτῳ= ᾥτινι→ὅστις

οὐ  “not”

οὑ G “(him/her/it)self”

οὗ a) (>)M+Ne sg G rel. pron./poss.pron    

            b) G “(him/her/it)self                      
            c)“where” (rel.)

οὐδεμία 1 (>)F →οὐδείς

οὐδὲν (>)Ne sg N+Ac   →οὐδείς

οὐδεν- 3 →οὐδείς (>) M+Ne

πατερ-/πατρ(α)- 3 →πατήρ  “father”

πολλ- 2-1 →πολύς "much, many"

πολὺ (>)Ne sg N+Ac →πολύς

        "much, many"

πολὺν (>)M sg Ac →πολύς "much, many"

σὲ, σέ, σε Ac “you”(sg)

σέθεν G “you” (sg)

σοὶ, σοί, σοι D “you” (sg)

σός 2-1, “your(s)” (sg)

     N.B. σοὶ, σοῦ

σοῦ, σου G “you” (sg)

σφὲ Ac dual →σφεῖς

σφ(έ)ας Ac →σφεῖς

σφ(έ)ων G →σφεῖς
σφε(ί)ων

σφι^ν, σφισι^ν D →σφεῖς

ται (>)F pl N d art (Epic)

ταύτ- 2-1 →οὗτος

ταῦτ- 2 →οὗτος

ταὐτ- 2-1 “the same”
τείν D "you" sg.
τεο >G sg MFNe τις

τεοῖο G "you" sg.
τευ, τ(ε)ῳ >G, D sg  τις
τιν- 3 →τις (indef. pron.)

τίν- 3 →τίς (interrog. pron.)

τοι a) D sg “you”(sg)

       b) (>)M pl N article

τοιαυτ- 2-1 →τοιοῦτος

τοσαυτ- 2-1 →τοσοῦτος

του= τινος,

τοῦ(= τίνος)/ > M+Ne sg G art.

τουτ-, τοῦτ-, τούτ 2-1 →οὗτος

τρι- 3 →τρεῖς “three”

τριχ- 3 →θρίξ “hair”

τῳ= τινι

τῷ(= τίνι)/ > M+Ne sg D article

υἱε- 3 →υἱός “son”

ὑμᾶς, ὑμῖν, ὑμῶν Ac, D, G “you” (pl)
ὑμέας, ὑμε(ί)ων Ac, G "you" (pl)

χερ- 3 →χείρ

ᾧ (>)M+Ne sg D rel. pron.

ὢν (>)M sg N “being” →εἰμί

ὦν= οὖν (Hdt)

ὧν (>)G pl M+F+Ne rel. pron.[/poss.pron. Ep.]