ATHEMATIC PERFECTS.

Remarks contained in {.....} are also valid for perfects II. & III., taking into account that these have no –κ-.

{Active perfects make their optative by sticking the thematic optative endings onto the perfect stem.}

{Subjunctive and optative are frequently made periphrastically, this is by combining one of the Nominatives (depending on the subject) of the ptc with the copulative εἰμί. N.B. the special A ptc endings! }

III. Take note of the remarks between {  } in the treatment of perfect I.

[-α/ε/-- with aspiration of the final stem consonant]. Example: stem: πομπ-, perf pr-ind 1^st sg πέπομφα. This of course only with stems that are susceptible of this aspiration: those ending in β, γ, κ & π, which when aspirated  become φ, χ, χ & φ respectively. Here, too, Ablaut is rife: the stem πομπ- for instance is a variant of πέμπ- (πέμπω).

Finding the lexical form:

If the above fails, consult the list of stems.