CANONICAL CONJUGATION.
Before first use of this paradigm take note of
nu-ephelkustikon.
| DURATIVE. |
| A C T I V E |
-ω -εις -ει -ομεν -ετε -ουσιν |
M E D I O P A S S I V E |
-ομαι -ει/-ῃ -εται -όμεθα -εσθε -ονται |
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-ων -ον -οντος -οντι -οντα -ον -οντες -οντα -όντων -ουσιν -οντας -οντα |
-ουσα -ούσης -ούσῃ -ουσαν -ουσαι -ουσῶν -ούσαις -ούσας |
-όμενος | ||||||||||||||
|
-ω -ῃς -ῃ -ωμεν -ητε -ωσιν |
-οιμι -οις -οι -οιμεν -οιτε -οιεν |
-ε -έτω -ετε -όντων |
-ωμαι -ῃ -ηται -ώμεθα -ησθε -ωνται |
-οίμην -οιο -οιτο -οίμεθα -οισθε -οιντο |
-ου -έσθω -εσθε -έσθων |
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| -ειν | -εσθαι | |||||||||||||||
|
-ον -ες -εν -ομεν -ετε -ον |
-όμην -ου -ετο -όμεθα -εσθε -οντο |
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| AORIST.. Instructions for finding the durative: in the case of A and Md, see aor II; in the case of P, see aor IV for a few additional notes, see below 2) |
| A C T I V E |
M E D I U M |
P A S S I V E |
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|
-σας -σαν -σαντος -σαντι -σαντα -σαν -σαντες -σαντα -σάντων -σασιν -σαντας -σαντα |
-σασα -σάσης -σάσῃ -σασαν -σασαι -σασῶν -σάσαις -σάσας |
-σάμενος |
-θείς -θέν -θέντος -θέντι -θέντα -θέν -θέντες -θέντα -θέντων -θεῖσιν -θέντας -θέντα |
-θεῖσα -θείσης -θείσῃ -θεῖσαν -θεῖσαι -θεισῶν -θείσαις -θείσας |
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-σω -σῃς -σῃ -σωμεν -σητε -σωσιν |
-σαιμι -σειας -σειεν -σαιμεν -σαιτε -σειαν |
-σον -σάτω -σατε -σάντων |
-σωμαι -σῃ -σηται -σώμεθα -σησθε -σωνται |
-σαίμην -σαιο -σαιτο -σαίμεθα -σαισθε -σαιντο |
-σαι -σάσθω -σασθε -σάσθων |
-θῶ -θῇς -θῇ -θῶμεν -θῆτε -θῶσιν |
-θείην -θείης -θείη -θεῖμεν -θεῖτε -θεῖεν |
-θητι |
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| -σαι | -σασθαι | -θῆναι | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
-σα -σας -σεν -σαμεν -σατε -σαν |
-σάμην -σω -σατο -σάμεθα -σασθε -σαντο |
-θην -θης -θη -θημεν -θητε -θησαν |
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| FUTURE.:. Instructions for finding the durative: in the case of A and Md, see fut 1; in the case of P, see fut 3. |
| A C T I V E |
-σω -σεις -σει -σομεν -σετε -σουσιν |
M E D I U M |
-σομαι -σει/-σῃ -σεται -σόμεθα -σεσθε -σονται |
P A S S I V E |
M d future endings preceded by a syllable -θη- make P future endings (only, when θη- is the initial syllable, you have a M fut of τίθημι; also there exist a few stems in –θη-, that have Md futures that look like P) 4)
|
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-σων -σον -σοντος -σοντι -σοντα -σον -σοντες -σοντα -σόντων -σουσιν -σοντας -σοντα |
-σουσα -σούσης -σούσῃ -σουσαν -σουσαι -σουσῶν -σούσαις -σούσας |
-σόμενος | |||||||||||||||
|
-σοιμι -σοις -σοι -σοιμεν -σοιτε -σοιεν |
-σοίμην -σοιο -σοιτο -σοίμεθα -σοισθε -σοιντο |
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| -σειν | -σεσθαι | ||||||||||||||||
| PERFECT.. Instructions for finding the durative: in the case of A, see perf I; in the case of MdP , see perf IV. All perfect forms are characterized by reduplication or augment instead of reduplication. Notes, see 3) below. |
| A C T I V E |
-κα |
M E D I O P A S I V E |
-μαι -σαι -ται -μεθα -σθε -νται |
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|
-κώς
-κός -κότος -κότι -κότα -κός -κότες -κότα -κότων -κόσιν -κότας -κότα |
-κυῖα -κυίας -κυίᾳ -κυῖαν -κυῖαι -κυιῶν -κυίαις -κυίας |
-μένος | |||||||||||||
|
-κω -κῃς -κῃ -κωμεν -κητε -κωσιν |
-κοιμι -κοις -κοι -κοιμεν -κοιτε -κοιεν |
-ίμην -ιο -ιτο -ίμεθα -ισθε -ιντο |
-ο -σθω -σθε -σθων |
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| -κέναι | -σθαι | ||||||||||||||
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-κη -κης -κειν -κεμεν -κετε -κεσαν |
-μην -σο -το -μεθα -σθε -ντο |
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| Additional notes: |
|
1)
These are valid for all forms: *the endings for A subj 1st, 2nd
and 3rd sg may be extended to
–ωμι,
-ῃσθα,
-ῃσιν
in other
dialects than Attic prose. -ετε, -ομαι, -εται, -όμεθα. *The ending for Md/MdP 1st pl is often –μεσθα in other dialects than Attic prose.
*The endings Md/MdP 3rd pl may be replaced by
–αται
& -ατο
in all optatives and
*In Epic one often encounters A inf endings –(ε)μεν, -(ε)μεναι. *The ending –(ό)ντων for the A imp 3rd pl is later often replaced by –(έ)τωσαν.
*The MdP participles are declined with 2nd declension endings >M
& >Ne and with *The green-coloured endings are of course coupled to augment, but in Epic and Ionic non- augmented forms are very frequent. *The red-coloured endings are famous for having more than one possible determination. But as (for example) the A imp 3rd pl is, to say the least, rare and the A ptc >M+Ne is very frequent, one need not be in dubio very much there. Same thing for A ao imp 2nd sg and A fu ptc >N+Ac sg Ne, of which the first is the more frequent by far. Also, of course, one encounters far more A du ind 3rd pl than A du ptc >M+Ne D pl. In the other cases there is no preponderance of one above the other. |
Verbs that have no visible augment have a few more identical forms; in Epic, where the augment is optional, the same applies. 2) Notes only applicable to Aorist.
*The endings for A opt 2nd sg, 3rd sg and 3rd pl
are often –σαις,
-σαι
and
–σαιεν
*The ending –θησαν for P pa-ind 3rd pl is in Epic often replaced by –θεν. *The endings for P opt 1st & 2nd pl are often –θείημεν, -θείητε in later prose. 3) Notes applicable only to Perfect. *The endings for A perf pa-ind in later prose may be –κειν, -κεις, -κει, -κειμεν, -κειτε, -κεισαν.
*The given forms are often replaced by periphrastic ones, i.e. ptc.+auxiliary
verb εἰμί,
e.g. λελυκὼς ὦ,
λελυκότες ὦσιν
for
λελύκω,
λελύκωσιν;
this occurs mainly in
4) Notes applicable to P fu: a few stems that might cause trouble: Md fu of αἰσθη-, (ἀπ)εχθη-, *μαθη-, φθη-; also Md fu of βοηθέω, ποθέω, *μυθέομαι, μοχθέω; and Md fu of καθίημι, μεθίημι, & fu of καθῆμαι; verbs marked with * have (many) composites. |