*) in the last column refers to a section appended below the main part
|
morpheme |
1st decl. |
2nd decl. |
3rd decl. |
verb |
notes |
|
|
-α |
N sg, V sg |
N+Ac pl Ne |
Ac sg M/F, N+Ac pl Ne |
α-stems A imp 2nd sg |
α-ctr: A pa-ind 3rd sg + imp 2nd sg |
|
|
-α+ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
-ᾳ |
D sg |
|
|
|
α-ctr: A pr-ind 3rd sg + MP pr-ind 2nd sg |
|
|
-εα |
+ |
+ |
Ac sg -ευς |
|
|
|
|
-μεθα |
|
|
|
MP 1st pl |
*) |
|
|
-ιμεθα |
|
|
|
MP opt 1st pl |
ι-stems ind |
|
|
-οιμεθα |
|
|
|
th MP opt 1st pl |
ο-stems! |
|
|
-ομεθα |
|
|
|
th MP pr+pa-ind 1st pl |
ο-stems! |
|
|
-ωμεθα |
|
|
|
MP subj 1st pl |
ω-stems pr+pa-ind! α-ctr: pr+pa-ind! & -ῳμεθα opt! |
|
|
-σθα |
|
|
|
A 2nd sg (Ep) |
οἶσθα, ἔφησθα |
|
|
-μεσθα =-μεθα (Ep) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-ῃσθα |
|
|
|
A subj 2nd sg (Ep) |
|
|
|
-κα+ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
-να+ |
|
|
|
du IV not A pr-ind 1st-3rd sg |
|
|
|
-σα+ |
|
|
|
ao II, most forms |
NB –σ+! |
|
|
-ε |
|
V sg -ος |
N+Ac dl |
th A imp 2nd sg+ A pa-ind 3rd sg |
|
|
|
-ε+ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
-θε+ |
|
|
|
ao IV some forms |
|
|
|
-σθε |
|
|
|
MP 2nd pl |
*) |
|
|
-εσθε |
|
|
|
th MP pr+pa ind+ imp2nd pl |
ε-stems! |
|
|
-ησθε |
|
|
|
MP subj 2nd pl |
η-stems ind! |
|
|
-ισθε |
|
|
|
MP opt 2nd pl |
ι-stems pr+pa ind! ε-ctr: -εισθε pr+pa-ind |
|
|
-οισθε |
|
|
|
th MP opt 2nd pl |
o-stems! |
|
|
-ιε |
|
V sg -ιος |
|
ι-stems! |
||
|
-κε+ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
-νε+ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
-σε+ |
|
|
|
ao II some forms |
doric fu see contr vbs |
|
|
-τε |
|
[V –τος] |
[dl –τ-stems] |
A 2nd pl |
*) |
|
|
-ετε |
|
|
|
th A 2nd pl |
ε-stems! |
|
|
-ητε |
|
|
|
A subj 2nd pl |
η-stems ind! |
|
|
-ιτε |
|
|
|
A opt 2nd pl |
ι-stems ind! ε-ctr: –ειτε pr+pa-ind & imp |
|
|
-οιτε |
|
|
|
th A opt 2nd pl |
ο-stems! |
|
|
-η |
N sg |
|
|
ath η-stems & du IV A 3rd sg |
|
|
|
-η+ |
|
|
|
ao V some forms |
|
|
|
-ῃ |
D sg –η, -ης |
|
|
A subj 3rd sg, MP subj 2nd sg |
|
|
|
-θη+ |
|
|
|
ao IV, some forms |
|
|
|
-νη+ |
|
|
|
du IV, A pr+pa-ind 1st-3rd sg |
|
|
|
-θ+ |
|
|
|
+ A subj endings: ao IV subj |
|
|
|
-ι |
|
|
D sg, V -ις |
ao II A inf, Md imp 2nd sg, A opt 3rd sg |
|
|
|
-αι |
N pl |
|
|
MP pr-ind 2nd sg |
|
|
|
-εαι |
|
|
|
th MP pr-ind 2nd sg (Ep-Ion) |
|
|
|
-σθαι |
+ (few) |
|
|
MP inf |
*) |
|
|
-εσθαι |
+ (few) |
|
|
th MP inf |
ε-stems! |
|
|
-ηαι |
|
|
|
MP subj 2nd sg (Ep-Ion) |
η-stems! |
|
|
-μαι |
+ |
|
|
ath MP pr-ind 1st sg |
*) |
|
|
-ομαι |
+ |
|
|
th MP pr-ind 1st sg |
ο-stems! |
|
|
-ωμαι |
+ |
|
|
MP subj 1st sg |
ω-stems ind! α-ctr: ind+subj |
|
|
-ναι |
+ |
|
|
ath A inf |
|
|
|
-μεναι |
|
|
|
ath A inf (Ep)+MP ptc >F N pl |
*) |
|
|
-εμεναι |
|
|
|
th A inf (Ep) |
ε-stems also ptc! |
|
|
-σαι |
+ |
|
|
MP pr-ind 2nd sg |
3X in ao II! *) |
|
|
-ται |
+ |
|
|
MP pr-ind 3rd sg |
|
|
|
-αται |
+ |
|
|
MP pr-ind 3rd pl |
α-stems 3rd sg! α-ctr: MP ind+subj 3rd sg *) |
|
|
-εται |
+ |
|
|
th MP pr-ind 3rd sg |
ε-stems! |
|
|
-ηται |
+ |
|
|
MP subj 3rd sg |
η-stems ind! |
|
|
-νται |
+ |
|
|
MP pr-ind 3rd pl |
*) |
|
|
-ονται |
+ |
|
|
th MP pr-ind 3rd pl |
ο-stems! |
|
|
-ωνται |
|
|
|
MP subj 3rd pl |
ω-stems ind! α-ctr: MP ind+subj 3rd pl! |
|
|
-ει |
|
|
D sg –ις&-ευς |
th pr-ind A 3rd sg+MP 2nd sg |
ε-stems! |
|
|
-ει+ |
|
|
|
+ A ptc endings ( >M sg N , >M+Ne pl D, >F): ao V |
|
|
|
-θει+ |
|
|
|
+ A ptc endings( >M sg N, >M+Ne pl D, >F): ao IV |
|
|
|
-θι |
|
|
+ D sg |
A imp 2nd sg (few but frequent) |
|
|
|
-μι |
|
|
|
ath A 1st sg |
|
|
|
-ιμι |
|
|
|
A opt 1st sg |
|
|
|
-οιμι |
|
|
|
th A opt 1st sg |
|
|
|
-ωμι |
|
|
|
A subj 1st sg (Ep) |
δίδωμι ind! |
|
|
-οι |
|
N pl -ος |
D sg o-stems |
th A opt 3rd sg |
ό-ctr. A ind+subj 3rd sg + MP ind+subj 2nd sg |
|
|
-σι |
|
|
D pl |
ath A pr-ind 3rd sg + ptc > M+Ne pl D |
|
|
|
-ασι |
|
|
+ |
ath A pr-ind 3rd pl & ptc >M+Ne pl D |
|
|
|
-εσι |
|
|
D pl –ις, |
|
|
|
|
-ῃσι |
D pl (Ep) |
|
|
A subj 3rd sg |
|
|
|
-ευσι |
|
|
D pl -ευς |
|
|
|
|
-ουσι |
|
|
+ |
th A pr-ind 3rd pl + ptc > M+Ne pl D |
ο-stems ptc only! |
|
|
-ωσι |
|
|
+ |
A subj 3rd pl |
δίδωμι ind 3rd sg! |
|
|
-τι |
|
|
|
ao IV imp 2nd sg |
|
|
|
-υι+ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
-κ+ |
|
|
|
perf I some forms |
|
|
|
-(ι)σκ+ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
-ν |
|
|
Ac sg some words |
ath A pa-ind 3rd pl+pr-ind 3rd sg + ptc >Ne sg N+Ac |
|
|
|
-ν+ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
-αν |
Ac sg |
|
|
|
α-ctr: A inf |
|
|
-αν+ |
|
|
|
|
||
|
-ιαν |
Ac sg -ια |
|
|
ao II A opt 3rd pl |
|
|
|
-σαν |
+ |
|
|
ath A pa-ind 3rd pl + ptc >F sg Ac |
ao II! *) |
|
|
-σθωσαν |
|
|
|
ath MP imp 3rd pl |
*) |
|
|
-εσθωσαν |
|
|
|
th MP imp 3rd pl |
|
|
|
-τωσαν |
|
|
|
ath A imp 3rd pl |
*) |
|
|
-ετωσαν |
|
|
|
th A imp 3rd pl |
|
|
|
-εν |
|
|
|
th pa-ind 3rd sg |
ε-stems ptc >N+Ac sg Ne; A pa-ind 3rd pl (Ep) |
|
|
-ιεν |
|
|
|
A opt 3rd pl |
ἵημι: ἵεν ptc > Ne sg N+Ac |
|
|
-οιεν |
|
|
|
th A opt 3rd pl |
-ῳεν: α-ctr. A opt 3rd pl |
|
|
-μεν |
|
|
|
A 1st pl + (Ep) A inf |
*) |
|
|
-μεν+ |
|
|
|
MP ptc (+ending 2nd or 1st decl) |
*) |
|
|
-εμεν |
|
|
|
th A inf (Ep) |
ε-stems also |
|
|
-ιμεν |
|
|
|
A opt 1st pl |
δέδιμεν ind+inf |
|
|
-οιμεν |
|
|
|
th A opt 1st pl |
ο-stems! |
|
|
-ομεν |
|
|
|
th A pr+pa-ind 1st pl |
ο-stems! |
|
|
-ομεν+ |
|
|
|
th MP ptc (+ending 2nd/1st d.) |
|
|
|
-ωμεν |
|
|
|
A subj 1st pl |
α-ctr: subj+ind! & -ῳμεν opt |
|
|
-ην |
Ac sg |
|
a few sg N |
ath η-stems A pa-ind 1st sg |
|
|
|
-ιην |
+ (Ep) |
|
|
ath A opt 1st sg |
|
|
|
-μην |
+ |
|
a very few sg N |
MP pa-ind+opt 1st sg |
*) |
|
|
-ιμην |
|
|
|
MP opt 1st sg |
ι-stems ind+opt |
|
|
-οιμην |
|
|
|
th MP opt 1st sg |
ο-stems! |
|
|
-ομην |
|
|
|
th MP pa-ind 1st sg |
ο-stems! |
|
|
-ιν |
|
|
Ac sg -ις |
|
|
|
|
-αιν |
dl G+D |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-ειν |
|
|
|
th A inf |
|
|
|
-οιν |
|
dl G+D |
|
|
|
|
|
-σιν |
|
|
D pl, Ac sg -ις |
ath A pr-ind 3rd sg+ ptc >M+Ne D pl |
|
|
|
-ασιν |
|
|
as -σιν (quite a few) |
ath A pr-ind 3rd pl+ α-stems >M+Ne D pl |
|
|
|
-εσιν |
|
|
as –σιν (quite a few) |
|
|
|
|
-ῃσιν |
D pl (Ep) |
|
|
A subj 3rd sg (Ep) |
|
|
|
-ευσιν |
|
|
D pl –ευς, Ac sg -ευσις |
|
< -εουσιν (Ionic) |
|
|
-ουσιν |
|
|
|
see -ουσι |
|
|
|
-ωσιν |
|
|
as –σιν (quite a few) |
see -ωσι |
|
|
|
-ον |
|
Ac sg –ος, N+Ac sg -ον |
|
th A pa-ind 1st sg+3rd pl & A ptc >Ne sg N+Ac |
ο-stems, ptc >Ne sg N+Ac |
|
|
-ων |
G pl |
G pl |
G pl |
th A ptc >M sg N |
α-ctr: A pa-ind 1st+3rd pl & ptc >M sg N+Ne sg N+Ac |
|
|
-εων |
|
|
G pl –ις & -ευς |
|
non-ctr vbs in -εω ptc >M sg N |
|
|
-σθων |
+ |
+ |
|
MP imp 3rd pl |
*) |
|
|
-εσθων |
|
|
|
th MP imp 3rd pl |
ε-stems same |
|
|
-ντων |
|
|
|
A ptc >M+Ne pl G & A imp 3rd pl |
*) |
|
|
-οντων |
+ |
|
|
th A ptc >M+Ne pl G & A imp 3rd pl |
ο-stems same |
|
|
-ο |
|
|
|
MP pa-ind + opt + imp 2nd sg |
*) |
|
|
-εο |
|
|
|
th MP pa-ind + imp 2nd sg (Ep) |
|
|
|
-ιο |
|
|
|
MP opt 2nd sg |
|
|
|
-οιο |
|
G sg (Ep) |
|
th MP opt 2nd sg |
ο-stems same |
|
|
-σο |
|
|
|
MP pa-ind 2nd sg |
*) |
|
|
-το |
|
|
|
MP pa-ind + opt 3rd sg |
*) |
|
|
-ατο |
|
|
|
ath α-stems MP pa-ind 3rd sg |
α-ctr: MP pa-ind 3rd sg |
|
|
-ιατο |
|
|
|
MP opt 3rd pl (Ep) |
ctr. in –ιαω ind! |
|
|
-οιατο |
|
|
|
th MP opt 3rd pl (Ep) |
|
|
|
-ετο |
|
|
|
th MP pa-ind 3rd sg |
ε-stems! |
|
|
-ιτο |
|
|
|
MP opt 3rd sg |
ι-stems ind! ε-ctr: -ειτο MP pa-ind 3rd sg |
|
|
-ντο |
|
|
|
MP 3rd pl |
*) |
|
|
-ιντο |
|
|
|
MP opt 3rd pl |
ι-stems ind! |
|
|
-οιντο |
|
|
|
th MP opt 3rd pl |
α-ctr: -ῳντο MP opt 3rd pl |
|
|
-οντο |
|
|
|
th MP pa-ind 3rd pl |
ο-stems |
|
|
-τερ+ |
+ending 1st /2nd decl. Comparative |
|
|
|||
|
-ς |
|
|
N sg certain words |
A 2nd sg & ath ptc >M sg N; a few A imp 2nd sg: δός, ἕς, θές, σχές, ἐνίσπες |
|
|
|
-σ+ |
|
|
|
+ ath verbal ending: ao 3 all & ao II some forms; + 1st decl: A ptc >F |
|
|
|
-ας |
G sg & Ac pl |
|
Ac pl; a few Νe in -ας |
ao II & α-stems A ptc >M sg N |
-ᾳς: α-ctr. A ind+subj 2nd sg |
|
|
-εας |
+ |
|
Ac pl -ευς |
|
|
|
|
-ιας |
G sg/Ac pl -ια |
|
Ac pl –ις (Ep) |
|
||
|
-ες |
|
|
N pl, N+V+Ac sg -ης |
th A pa-ind 2nd sg |
see -ς |
|
|
-ης |
G sg |
|
N pl –ευς, N sg -ης |
|
η-stems A 2nd sg |
|
|
-ῃς |
D pl (Ep) |
|
|
A subj 2nd sg |
φῇς also ind! |
|
|
-ης+ |
|
|
|
fu 4 + th MP endings |
|
|
|
-θησ+ |
|
|
|
fu 3 + th MP endings |
|
|
|
-ιης |
|
|
|
ath A opt 2nd sg |
ἵης ind! |
|
|
-ις |
|
|
N sg -ις |
|
|
|
|
-αις |
D pl |
|
|
|
||
|
-εις |
|
|
N+Ac pl –ις [later also-ευς] |
th A pr-ind 2nd sg; ath ε-stems A ptc >M sg N |
ε-ctr. also A pa-ind 2nd sg |
|
|
-οις |
|
D pl |
|
th A opt 2nd sg |
ο-ctr: A ind+subj 2nd sg |
|
|
-ος |
|
N sg |
G sg; N+Ac sg -ος |
see -ς |
||
|
-εος |
|
|
G sg -υς; G sg –ευς (Ion) |
|
|
|
|
-υς |
|
|
N sg+Ac pl -υς |
ath υ-stems A pr+pa-ind 2nd sg; A ptc >M sg N; |
also in du III |
|
|
-ευς |
|
|
N sg |
|
|
|
|
-ους |
Ac pl |
|
comp. in -ων > M+F pl N+Ac |
ath ο-stems A ptc >M sg N |
o-ctr: A pa-ind 2nd sg |
|
|
-ουσ+ |
|
|
|
+ ending 1st decl. th A ptc >F; also ath ο-stems |
|
|
|
-ως |
adverbs of adj’s |
δίδως, ἔγνως: A 2nd sg |
||||
|
-ῳς |
|
|
|
ω-stems A subj 2nd sg |
o-ctr: A subj 2nd sg |
|
|
-εως |
|
|
G sg –ις+-ευς; adverb of adj’s in -υς |
|
|
|
|
-τατ+ |
+ ending 1st /2nd decl: superlative |
|
|
|||
|
-ντ+ |
|
|
|
+ ending 3rd decl. A ptc >M+Ne |
|
|
|
-οτ+ |
|
|
|
+3rd decl. ending perf I-IV A ptc >M+Ne |
|
|
|
-ιστ+ |
+ ending 1st /2nd decl: superlative |
|
|
|||
|
-υ |
|
|
N+Ac sg -υ |
υ-stems: A pa-ind 3rd sg |
also du III |
|
|
-ευ |
|
|
V sg -ευς |
th MP pa-ind+imp 2nd sg (Epic-Ionic) |
also ε-ctr. (Ion) |
|
|
-νυ+ |
|
|
|
du III, + ath verbal ending |
|
|
|
-ου |
|
G sg |
|
th MP pa-ind+imp 2nd sg |
|
|
|
-ω |
|
dl N+Ac |
comp. in -ων >M+F sg Ac, Ne pl N+Ac |
th A pr-ind +subj 1st sg; ath subj only |
ω-stems A pa-ind 3rd |
|
|
-ῳ |
|
D sg |
|
ω-stems A subj 3rd sg + MP subj 2nd sg |
+opt ending: α-ctr. o-ctr: A subj 3rd sg+MP subj 2nd sg |
|
|
-σθω |
|
|
|
MP imp 3rd sg |
*) |
|
|
-εσθω |
|
|
|
th MP imp 3rd sg |
ε-stems! |
|
|
-τω |
|
dl N+Ac -τος |
|
A imp 3rd sg |
*) |
|
|
-ετω |
|
dl N+Ac -ετος |
|
th A imp 3rd sg |
ε-stems! |
|
*)
|
The above was meant to be a list of morphemes (or combinations of mood-marker and personal ending), which means that pieces of forms are excluded, when they consist of other parts, say a phase marker plus a personal ending. But to avoid confusion and to help find the correct determination an additional list may be of use. |
If an –α- precedes the ending, but there is no –σ- or -κ- preceding the –α-,there are four possible explanations: 1) the –α- is part of the stem (the α-stems are enumerated in the introductory section, "for dummies"), 2) the form is of an ao III, 3) the form is of an α-ctr. 4) the form is of a perf II, III or IV. Below, the first three possibilities have been set out in more detail. |
|
|
α-stems |
ao III |
α-ctr. |
|
-α |
A pa-ind 3rd sg |
A ind 1st sg |
A pa-ind 3rd sg; -ᾳ: A pr-ind 3rd sg & MP pr-ind 2nd sg |
|
-αμεθα |
MP pr+pa-ind 1st pl |
M ind 1st pl |
- |
|
-ασθε |
MP pr+pa-ind & imp 2nd pl |
M ind & imp 2nd pl |
MP pr+pa-ind & subj 2nd pl |
|
-ατε |
A pr+pa-ind & imp 2nd pl |
A ind & imp 2nd pl |
A pr+pa-ind & subj 2nd pl |
|
-ασθαι |
MP inf |
M inf |
MP inf |
|
-αμαι |
MP pr-ind 1st sg |
- |
- |
|
-αμεναι |
A inf & MP ptc >F pl N |
A inf & MP ptc >F pl N |
- |
|
-ανται |
MP pr-ind 3rd pl |
- |
- |
|
-ασαι |
A ptc >F pl N, MP pr-ind 2nd sg |
A ptc >F pl N |
- |
|
-αται |
MP pr-ind 3rd sg |
- |
MP pr-ind & subj 3rd sg |
|
-αν |
A ptc >Ne sg N+Ac |
A ptc >Ne sg N+Ac |
A inf |
|
-ασαν |
A pa-ind 3rd pl & A ptc >F sg Ac |
A pa-ind 3rd pl & A ptc >F sg Ac |
- |
|
-ασθωσαν |
MP imp 3rd pl |
MP imp 3rd pl |
MP imp 3rd pl |
|
-ατωσαν |
A imp 3rd pl |
A imp 3rd pl |
A imp 3rd pl |
|
-αμεν |
A pr+pa-ind 1st pl |
A ind 1st pl |
- |
|
-αμεν+ |
+ 1st/2nd decl: MP ptc |
+ 1st/2nd decl: MP ptc |
- |
|
-αμην |
MP pa-ind 1st sg |
M pa-ind 1st sg |
- |
|
-ασθων |
MP imp 3rd pl |
M imp 3rd pl |
MP imp 3rd pl |
|
-αντων |
A imp 3rd pl & A ptc >M+Ne pl G |
A imp 3rd pl & A ptc >M+Ne pl G |
- |
|
-αο |
MP pa-ind 2nd sg |
M ind 2nd sg |
MP pa-ind 2nd sg |
|
-ασο |
MP pa-ind 2nd sg |
- |
- |
|
-ατο |
MP pa-ind 3rd sg |
M ind 3rd sg |
MP pa-ind 3rd sg |
|
-αντο |
MP pa-ind 3rd pl |
M ind 3rd pl |
- |
|
-ας |
A pr+pa-ind 2nd sg & A ptc >M sg N |
A ind 2nd sg & A ptc >M sg N |
A pa-ind 2nd sg |
|
-ασθω |
MP imp 3rd sg |
M imp 3rd sg |
MP imp 3rd sg |
|
-ατω |
A imp 3rd sg |
A imp 3rd sg |
A imp 3rd sg |